Treatment Guidelines: Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Neurodevelopmental disorders are impairments of the growth and development of the brain or central nervous system that affect behavior, cognition, or motor skills. These conditions tend to begin in childhood and persist into adulthood or may remain undiagnosed long-term.

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

• Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disability (2020)
• Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (2014)
• Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Tic Disorders (2013)
• Practice Parameters for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2007)
• Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (2007)

American Academy of Family Physicians

• Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2019)

American Academy of Neurology

• Practice Guideline Recommendations Summary: Treatment of Tics in People With Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorders (2019, reaffirmed in April 2025)
• Treatment for Insomnia and Disrupted Sleep Behavior in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (2020)

American Academy of Pediatrics

• Identification, Evaluation, and Management of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (2020)
• Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents (2019)

Australian ADHD Professionals Association (AADPA)

• The Australian evidence-based clinical practice guideline for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (2023)

British Association for Psychopharmacology

• Autism spectrum disorder: Consensus guidelines on assessment, treatment and research from the British Association for Psychopharmacology (2018)
• BAP Consensus Guidelines on Autism Spectrum Disorder (2018)
• Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Update on recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology (2014)

Canadian ADHD Resource Alliance (CADDRA)

• Canadian ADHD Practice Guidelines (2020)

Canadian Psychiatric Association

• Canadian guidelines on pharmacotherapy for disruptive and aggressive behaviour in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, or conduct disorder (2015)
• Canadian Guidelines for the Evidence-Based Treatment of Tic Disorders: Pharmacotherapy (2012)

European Network Adult ADHD (ENAA)

• Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD (2018)

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)

• Autism Spectrum Disorder In Adults - Diagnosis and Management (2012, reaffirmed 2021)
• Autism Spectrum Disorder in under 19s - Support and Management (2013, reaffirmed 2021)
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - Diagnosis and Management (2018, reaffirmed 2019)
• Antisocial Behaviour and Conduct Disorders in Children and Young People - Recognition and Management (2013, reaffirmed 2017)

Society for Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics

• Clinical practice guideline for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with complex attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2020)

Stuttering Treatment and Research Society (STARS)

• Interdisciplinary consensus guidelines on stuttering (childhood-onset fluency disorder) (2026)

Reviewer 1:  Miranda Johnson, PharmD, BCPP
Reviewer 2: Roisin Sabol, PharmD, BCPP
2026-2027 AAPP Resident and New Practitioner Committee